A clear separation between the front office (trade execution), middle office (risk control) and back office (settlement and bookkeeping) is essential. This ensures that no single individual has complete control over a business process. System support makes it possible to break down this three-way division. However, wherever system support is not comprehensive, a Separation of functions. This may also have been implemented in collaboration with related departments (e.g. Accounting). The the dual-control principle It does not replace the separation of duties, but it does help to allocate responsibilities and prevent errors.

Source reference: See the VDT publication “A Guide to Comprehensive Financial Risk Management“ and the source cited there.