Ethereum: is currently the second-largest blockchain network after Bitcoin. Unlike Bitcoin, Ethereum is a platform on which blockchain-based and therefore decentralised applications (known as dApps) can be programmed. Any user can create smart contracts that are executed without the influence or control of third parties. Ether (ETH) is the network’s cryptocurrency and is required both for creating applications and for transactions within the network. (Publication date: 1 June 2021)